SPS 321.26(9)(b)(b) Continuous loads. Joists, trusses and beams other than wood, spaced 4 feet or less on center and 40 feet or less in length, slabs or other members causing continuous loads shall be transmitted to masonry with a minimum bearing of 3 inches upon solid masonry at least 2½ inches in height, or as indicated for concentrated loads. SPS 321.26(9)(c)(c) Stack bond walls. Concentrated loads shall be distributed into masonry laid in stack bond by a concrete beam or bond beam as defined in par. (a). For masonry of solid units, 2 additional rows of a continuous tie assembly may be used instead of a concrete beam or bond beam. SPS 321.26(9)(d)(d) Support of wood floor members. Where a wood structural member is buried in masonry for support, it shall be firecut or a self-releasing device shall be used. Where the end of a wood structural member is built into an exterior wall, a ½-inch air space shall be provided at the sides, top and end of such member. SPS 321.26(10)(10) Bonding. Unless designed through structural analysis, all masonry walls shall be bonded as follows: SPS 321.26(10)(a)(a) Single-wythe walls. Masonry units in single-wythe walls shall be lapped at least 2 inches or one-third the height of the masonry unit, whichever is greater, or through the use of continuous tie assemblies spaced at 16-inch vertical intervals. SPS 321.26(10)(b)(b) Multi-wythe walls. Adjacent wythes shall be bonded with continuous tie assemblies spaced at vertical intervals not exceeding 16 inches; or individual ties of at least 3/16-inch diameter for each 4½ square feet of wall area, spaced at a maximum vertical distance of 18 inches and a maximum horizontal distance of 36 inches; or bonded with a full course of masonry headers every seventh course. The clear distance between bond courses shall not exceed 16 inches for solid masonry units and 24 inches for hollow masonry units. Hollow walls shall not be bonded with headers. SPS 321.26(11)(11) Bolts and anchors. The allowable shear on steel bolts and anchors shall not exceed the values given in Table 321.26. SPS 321.26(12)(12) Joints. Joints in masonry construction shall be constructed in accordance with ACI 530.1. SPS 321.26(13)(13) Cleaning. Chemical cleaning agents shall be prevented from harming the metal reinforcement of structural components and shall not be of a strength which will adversely affect the mortar. SPS 321.26 HistoryHistory: Cr. Register, November, 1979, No. 287, eff. 6-1-80; am. (3) and cr. Table 21.26-B1 Register, February, 1985, No. 350, eff. 3-1-85; am. (9) (b), Register, January, 1989, No. 397, eff. 2-1-89; am. (6) (b), Register, March, 1992, No. 435, eff. 4-1-92; r. and recr. (2), am. (5) (c), (7) (a) 3., 4., (b), r. (14), Register, November, 1995, No. 479, eff. 12-1-95; CR 02-077: am. (7) (a) 4. Register May 2003 No. 569, eff. 8-1-03; CR 08-043: r. and recr. (1), (5) (a), (8) and (12), renum. (3) (intro.) and (a) to be (3) (a) and (b) and am. (3) (a), am. (4) (b) and (7) (a) 2., r. (5) (c), Tables 21.26-B and B1, cr. (7) (a) 5. to 7. and (c) Register March 2009 No. 639, eff. 4-1-09; CR 09-104: am. (8) (a) 3. Register December 2010 No. 660, eff. 1-1-11; correction in (9) (c) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register January 2011 No. 661; correction in (3) (a), (6) (b), (7) (a) 6., (11) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register December 2011 No. 672. SPS 321.27(1)(a)(a) General. Roof and roof-ceiling assemblies shall support all dead loads plus the minimum live loads under par. (c) and s. SPS 321.02. SPS 321.27(1)(b)(b) Applicability of tables. The joist and rafter tables in ch. SPS 325 Appendix A are valid for roofs with a minimum slope of 3 in 12. Lesser slopes require engineering analysis or shall be provided with a ridge beam. SPS 321.27(1)(c)(c) Sloped roof snow loads. Snow loads specified in s. SPS 321.02 (1) (b) 2. may be reduced for roof slopes greater than 30° by multiplying the snow load by Cs. The value of Cs shall be determined by the following: where a is the slope of the roof expressed in degrees.
SPS 321.27 NoteNote: A roof pitch of 7 in 12 is equal to 30°.
SPS 321.27(2)(2) Lateral restraint of walls. Provisions shall be taken to absorb the horizontal thrust produced by a sloping roof through the use of wall ties, ceiling joists, beams at the ridge or at the wall or a system designed through structural analysis. SPS 321.27(3)(a)1.1. Roofs shall withstand a pressure of at least 20 pounds per square foot acting upward normal to the roof surface. SPS 321.27(3)(a)2.2. Roof overhangs, eaves, canopies and cornices shall withstand an upward wind pressure of at least 20 pounds per square foot applied to the entire exposed area. SPS 321.27(3)(b)1.1. Roof framing members spanning more than 6 feet measured from the outermost edge of the roof shall be permanently fastened to the top plate of load bearing walls using engineered clips, straps or hangers. SPS 321.27(3)(b)2.2. Roof framing members spanning 6 feet or less measured from the outermost edge of the roof shall be permanently fastened to the top plate of load bearing walls using toe-nailing or engineered clips, straps or hangers. SPS 321.27 NoteNote: For information on toe nailing, see the fastener schedule table in the ch. SPS 325 Appendix A. SPS 321.27(4)(a)1.1. Rafters shall be notched to fit the exterior wall plate and fastened to the wall. SPS 321.27(4)(a)2.2. Collar ties shall be installed on the upper third of every third pair of abutting roof rafters or every 48 inches, whichever is less. SPS 321.27 NoteNote: Collar ties are intended to provide stability to the roof at the ridge. Lateral restraint for the walls must be provided in accordance with sub. (2).
SPS 321.27(4)(b)1.1. Where rafters meet to form a ridge, the rafters shall be attached to a ridge board. SPS 321.27(4)(b)2.2. The ridge board shall have a depth at least equal to the length of the cut end of the rafter abutting it. SPS 321.27(4)(b)3.3. Where all rafters are placed directly opposite each other or are offset at the ridge board by less than the thickness of the rafter, the ridge board shall have a nominal thickness of at least 1 inch. SPS 321.27(4)(b)4.4. Where one or more rafters are offset at the ridge board by more than the thickness of the rafter, the ridge board shall have a nominal thickness of at least 2 inches. SPS 321.27(4)(c)(c) Ridge beams. Rafters shall be attached to ridge beams using engineered clips, straps or hangers or the connection shall be designed through structural analysis. SPS 321.27(4)(d)(d) Bearing. The required bearing for wood rafters shall be in accordance with the NDS adopted in Table 320.24-6m, except in no case shall the bearing be less than 1 1/2 inches on wood or metal or less than 3 inches on masonry or concrete. SPS 321.27(4)(e)1.1. Overhangs at gable end walls of more than 12 inches shall be provided with ladders which extend into the structure a distance no less than the length of the overhang. SPS 321.27(4)(e)3.3. The interior end of each ladder shall be attached to a rafter or truss with a hanger. SPS 321.27 NoteNote: For the purposes of this section, a ladder is defined as a perpendicular projection extending beyond the face of the wall below.
SPS 321.27(5)(a)(a) Ceiling joists shall be nailed to exterior walls and to the ends of rafters. SPS 321.27(5)(b)(b) Ends of ceiling joists shall be lapped at least 3 inches and be fastened either with 3-16d nails or in accordance with the floor joist requirements under s. SPS 321.22 (4) (a) 1. d. SPS 321.27 NoteNote: See the fastener table in the ch. SPS 325 Appendix A for a nailing schedule for ceiling joists. SPS 321.27(5)(c)(c) Where ceiling joists are placed at right angles to the rafters, the lookout joist or ties shall be fastened to the parallel ceiling joists or rafters using engineered clips, straps or hangers or the connection shall be designed through structural analysis. SPS 321.27(6)(a)1.1. Where no bearing is provided under valley rafters at the intersection of 2 roof areas, the valley rafters shall be doubled in thickness and shall be at least 2 inches deeper than the required common rafter to permit full bearing at the beveled end. SPS 321.27(6)(a)2.2. Where ridges are provided at different elevations, vertical support shall be provided for the interior end of the lower ridge board or ridge beam. SPS 321.27(6)(b)(b) Hip rafters. Where no bearing is provided under hip rafters, the hip rafters shall be of the same thickness as common rafters and shall be at least 2 inches deeper than required to permit full contact with the jack rafter. SPS 321.27(7)(a)(a) Metal plate connected wood roof trusses shall be designed in accordance with TPI 1 and the NDS adopted under s. SPS 320.24. SPS 321.27(7)(c)(c) If connection is provided to stabilize a non-load bearing wall, a slotted expansion joint or clip shall be used. SPS 321.27(8)(a)1.1. Notching and boring of beams or girders is prohibited unless determined through structural analysis. SPS 321.27(8)(b)1.1. Notches located in the top or bottom of ceiling joists and rafters are prohibited from all of the following: SPS 321.27(8)(b)2.2. Where ceiling joists or rafters are notched at the ends, the notch may not exceed ¼ the depth of the member. SPS 321.27(8)(b)3.3. Bird mouth cuts may not exceed 1/3 the depth of the rafter unless the seat cut bears fully on the wall plate. SPS 321.27(8)(c)1.1. Holes bored within 2 inches of the top or bottom of ceiling joists or rafters may not be located in the middle 1/3 of the span of the member. SPS 321.27(8)(c)4.4. The distance between adjacent holes may not be less than the diameter of the larger hole. SPS 321.27(8)(d)(d) Engineered wood products. Notching or boring of engineered wood products shall be done in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions provided those instructions were developed through structural analysis or product testing. SPS 321.27(9)(a)(a) Structural sheathing. The allowable loads and spans for structural sheathing shall be in accordance with the grade stamp on the panel. SPS 321.27(9)(b)1.1. Where the rafter spacing is 24 inches on center or less, roof boards may be used that have a minimum thickness of 5/8-inch for solid sheathing and 3/4-inch for spaced sheathing. SPS 321.27(9)(b)2.2. Where the rafter spacing is greater than 24 inches on center, roof boards shall be tongue and groove, at least 1.5 inches thick. SPS 321.27(9)(c)1.1. Roof planks shall be tongue and groove or splined and at least 2 inches, nominal, in thickness. SPS 321.27(9)(c)3.3. The planks shall be laid so that no continuous line of joints will occur except at points of support. SPS 321.27 HistoryHistory: Cr. Register, November, 1979, No. 287, eff. 6-1-80; am (3) (a), Register, January, 1989, No. 397, eff. 2-1-89; r. and recr. (1), am. (3) (a), Register, March, 1992, No. 435, eff. 4-1-92; r. and recr. (3) (a), Register, November, 1995, No. 479, eff. 12-1-95; r. and recr. (3) (a) 1. and 2. c., Register, January, 1999, No. 517, eff. 2-1-99; am. (3) (a) 1. a., Register, March, 2001, No. 543, eff. 4-1-01; CR 02-077: r. and recr. (3) (b) Register May 2003 No. 569, eff. 8-1-03; CR 08-043: r. and recr. Register March 2009 No. 639, eff. 4-1-09; correction in (1) (a), (c), (4) (d), (5) (b), (7) (a) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register December 2011 No. 672; CR 15-041: am. (4) (d) Register December 2015 No. 720, eff. 1-1-16. SPS 321.28SPS 321.28 Weather protection for roofs.
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Department of Safety and Professional Services (SPS)
Chs. SPS 301-399 ; Safety, Buildings, and Environment
administrativecode/SPS 321.27(4)(a)
administrativecode/SPS 321.27(4)(a)
section
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